Mucukuzi ya mini ikoresha lisansi angahe?

Mu bice by’imashini zubaka muri Peru, ibiciro bya lisansi bigize igice kinini cyamafaranga akoreshwa. Iyi phenomenon igaragara cyane mugihe ihindagurika ryibiciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga. Ni muri urwo rwego, gusobanukirwa n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ikoreshwa na moteri ntoya biba ingenzi kubasezeranye, kuko bifasha cyane kugenzura ibiciro no kuzamura imikorere. Kuva ahantu hubatswe hubatswe muri Lima kugeza ku mishinga ikomeye yo kubungabunga umurage muri Cusco, kuva gufata neza umuhanda kugeza ibikorwa binini binini -, ubucukuzi bwa peteroli bucukuzi bugira ingaruka ku nyungu z'umushinga. None, ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa na lisansi ikoreshwa na moteri ntoya? Iki kibazo gisa nkicyoroshye mubyukuri kirimo ibintu byinshi bigoye, harimo tekinoroji ya moteri, ingeso zogukora, Mubikorwa byimashini zubaka muri Peru, ibiciro bya lisansi bigize igice kinini cyamafaranga yakoreshejwe. Iyi phenomenon igaragara cyane mugihe ihindagurika ryinshi ryibiciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga.nibidukikije bikora.

Isesengura ryibintu bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze ya lisansi ya moteri ntoya

Ibikomoka kuri peteroli ikoreshwa na moteri ntoya biterwa nimpamvu nyinshi, zirimo ingufu za moteri, imizigo yakazi, tekinike yimikorere, imiterere yo kubungabunga, hamwe n’ibidukikije. Muri Peru idasanzwe y’imiterere n’ikirere, ibyo bintu bigira ingaruka zigaragara.

Isano iri hagati yimbaraga za moteri no gukoresha lisansi

Muri rusange, imbaraga za moteri ninshi, niko gukoresha lisansi. Nyamara, mubikorwa bifatika, moteri ihuye neza - moteri yingufu akenshi igera kubukungu bwiza bwa peteroli.

Ingaruka Yumurimo Kumikoreshereze ya lisansi

Iyo moteri ntoya ikora munsi yumutwaro woroheje, ikoreshwa rya lisansi iba mike, ariko iyo ikora munsi yumutwaro uremereye, ibicanwa biziyongera cyane. Muri Peru, imirimo yo kubaka ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikorwa remezo ifite imirimo myinshi, nta gushidikanya ko izana ikibazo gikomeye cyo kugenzura ikoreshwa rya peteroli.

Kugereranya amakuru yo gukoresha lisansi ya moteri ntoya

Kugirango tugaragaze neza ikoreshwa rya lisansi yuburyo butandukanye bwo gucukumbura, twakoze isesengura rirambuye rigereranya ryamakuru, twifashishije ibisubizo nyabyo - ibipimo byo gupima isi ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku isoko rusange rya Peru hamwe namakuru arambuye yo gukoresha lisansi yavuye muri Taodou.com na Original Power Docs.

Kugereranya Imbonerahamwe yimikoreshereze ya lisansi kubikorwa bito bito

Icyitonderwa: Ibikoreshwa bisanzwe bya peteroli nigiciro cyabayikoze. Gukoresha lisansi mubyukuri bishingiye kumibare yikizamini cyo muri Peru.

Imikoreshereze ya lisansi mubidukikije bidasanzwe bya Peru

Ingaruka yo hejuru

Peru, igihugu gifite imiterere yihariye yakarere, kiranga ubutaka bugoye cyane nubutumburuke bugaragara butandukanye mubice bitandukanye. Mu turere twinshi - ubutumburuke buri hejuru ya metero 3.000, ubwiza bwikirere buratandukanye cyane nubutumburuke buke -, buba bworoshye cyane. Kubera uyu mwuka unanutse, ingano ya ogisijeni iboneka mu gutwika moteri iragabanuka ku buryo bugaragara, bigatuma kugabanuka gukabije kw’umuriro. Iri gabanuka ryimikorere ya moteri ritera mu buryo butaziguye gukoresha ingufu zidahwitse, mubisanzwe bituma lisansi yiyongera 10-20%.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije

Uturere two ku nkombe za Peru turangwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru -. Mubihe nkibi, umwuka ukikije moteri uba ushushe cyane nubushuhe, bikabangamira cyane ubukonje bwayo. Iyo moteri yananiwe gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, ubushyuhe bwimbere bwayo burazamuka. Kugirango ukomeze imikorere isanzwe, moteri igomba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, bikavamo kwiyongera gake mukoresha lisansi. Ibinyuranye, ahantu harehare - ubutumburuke bugaragaza ubushyuhe buke -. Mubyukuri, ibi bidukikije bikonje bifasha gukonjesha moteri, bigatuma imikorere ihamye kubushyuhe buke. Nyamara, mugihe cya moteri yo gushyushya moteri, ubukonje bukabije hanze busaba moteri gutwika amavuta yinyongera kugirango igere ku bushyuhe busanzwe bukora, bigatuma hakoreshwa andi mavuta mugihe cyo gutangira.

Itandukaniro muburemere bwinshingano

Mu mishinga remezo mumijyi minini nka Lima, imashini ntoya ikora cyane cyane imirimo isobanutse. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusana umuhanda mumijyi cyangwa ntoya - fatizo zubaka, izo mashini zikora ibikorwa byo gucukura no kuringaniza. Hamwe no hasi - ubukana bwakazi, umuvuduko uhamye, no kugabanya ibicanwa, ingufu zabo ziracyari hejuru. Mu buryo butandukanye cyane, ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro muri Andes bisaba gucukumbura gukora ubudahwema ku bwinshi. Izi mashini zigomba gukora igihe kirekire, zidacogora no gucukura ibintu mubihe bikabije. Ibikorwa nkibi bikomeza - ibikorwa bisaba imbaraga kugirango moteri igumane ingufu nyinshi, bigatuma ikoreshwa rya peteroli ryiyongera cyane.

Isesengura rya lisansi Isesengura ryibintu bitandukanye

Imiterere yo kubaka umujyi

Imashini zicukura zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kubaka umuhanda no guteza imbere imiturire mu mijyi nka Lima na Arequipa:

Ubucukuzi bw'isi: ikigereranyo cya peteroli ikoreshwa 3.5-4.2L / h

Gushyira imiyoboro: ikigereranyo cya peteroli ikoreshwa 3.2-3.8L / h

Kuringaniza urubuga: ikigereranyo cya peteroli 3.0-3.6L / h

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Mu mishinga yo gucukura umuringa na zahabu mu majyepfo ya Peru:

Gupakira ibirombe: ikigereranyo cya peteroli 4.2-5.0L / h

Kubungabunga umuhanda: ikigereranyo cya lisansi ikoreshwa 3.8-4.6L / h

Gusana ahahanamye: ikigereranyo cya peteroli ikoreshwa 4.0-4.8L / h

Ubwubatsi bwo kubungabunga amazi yubuhinzi

Mu iyubakwa ry’imirima yo kubungabunga amazi mu karere ka Amazone:

Gucukura umuyoboro: ikigereranyo cya peteroli 3.3-4.0L / h

Kuringaniza ubutaka: ikigereranyo cya lisansi ikoreshwa 3.1-3.7L / h

Gusukura umwobo wamazi: ikigereranyo cya peteroli 3.0-3.5L / h

Ibiciro bya lisansi Kubara hamwe nisesengura ryinyungu zubukungu

Urwego rwubu ibiciro bya mazutu muri Peru

Ubushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa ku isoko, ibiciro bya mazutu muri Peru (umusoro urimo) biri hagati ya 3.2 na 3.8 (hafi $ 0.85 kugeza $ 1.00 kuri litiro), hamwe n’akarere.

Ikigereranyo cya lisansi ya buri kwezi Imbonerahamwe

Ukurikije iminsi 22 y'akazi ku kwezi naho impuzandengo y'amasaha 8 kumunsi

Ingamba nibyifuzo byo kuzigama lisansi

Hindura uburyo bwo gukora

Hindura ibikorwa bikora: Mugihe ukora imirimo, utegure neza ibikorwa byose. Igenamigambi rya siyansi rigabanya neza ibikoresho bitari ngombwa kugenda nigihe cyubusa. Kurugero, mubikorwa bya logistique, pre - gutegura inzira zogutwara no guteganya neza aho gupakira / gupakurura ahantu hamwe nuburyo byakurikiranye birashobora kubuza ibinyabiziga gukora ingendo zirenze urugero mubigo, bityo bikagabanya gukoresha peteroli bitari ngombwa.

Ibyiza bya RPM: Abakora bagomba kumenya neza moteri ya RPM nziza. Mugihe cyo gukora, genzura urwego rwa RPM kugirango wirinde igihe kirekire - umuvuduko udakora. Ibi birinda lisansi gutwikwa nta gutwikwa neza, bityo wirinde imyanda ikomeye ya lisansi.

Igikorwa cyoroshye: Mugihe cyibikoresho bya buri munsi, gabanya umuvuduko utunguranye no guhagarara gitunguranye. Umuvuduko utunguranye utanga ibikoresho kumashanyarazi akomeye ako kanya, bidakoresha ingufu nyinshi gusa ahubwo bishobora no kwangiza sisitemu yohereza. Guhagarara gutunguranye birashobora guhindura ibice byimbere imbaraga zitunguranye, bishobora kugabanya ubuzima bwabo bwa serivisi. Kubwibyo, imikorere yoroshye ituma ibikoresho bihoraho bikora neza, byemeza imikorere isanzwe nibikorwa byiza.

Guhindura ibikoresho ku gihe: Mugihe ibikoresho bikora, hitamo witonze ibikoresho bikwiye ukurikije imiterere yimitwaro. Imizigo itandukanye isaba imbaraga zitandukanye. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo hasi bifite imitwaro iremereye birashobora gutuma ibikoresho bihagarara cyangwa kunyeganyega kubera imbaraga zidahagije, mugihe nanone birenze moteri. Ibinyuranye, gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye bifite imitwaro yoroheje birashobora kubuza ibikoresho kugera kubikorwa byuzuye, bikaviramo imyanda. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byigihe kandi byukuri guhinduranya ukurikije imiterere yimitwaro ni ngombwa.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gufata neza ibikoresho:

Gusimbuza amavuta bisanzwe: Gusimbuza amavuta buri gihe ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga moteri. Amavuta ya moteri akora imirimo myinshi harimo gusiga, gukonjesha, no gukora isuku, kugabanya neza guterana no kwambara mubice byimbere. Igihe kirenze, imikorere ya peteroli hamwe no gusiga amavuta bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusimbuza amavuta mugihe runaka cyangwa mileage kugirango ugumane amavuta meza kandi wongere ubuzima bwa moteri.

Gusukura Akayunguruzo ko mu kirere: Nkibintu byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gufata moteri, akayunguruzo ko mu kirere gashungura akayaga kinjira kandi kakarinda umukungugu n’umwanda kwinjira muri moteri. Iyo isize idahumanye igihe kinini, ivumbi nibindi byanduza birashobora gufunga akayunguruzo, bigatuma umwuka udahagije. Uku kugabanuka gufata kuganisha ku gutwikwa kutuzuye, kugabanya imikorere yaka kandi amaherezo bigira ingaruka kumusaruro wa moteri nubukungu bwa peteroli. Kubwibyo, guhora usukura akayunguruzo ko mu kirere bitanga umwuka uhagije kandi byongera umuriro.

Kugenzura inshinge za lisansi: Igikorwa cyibanze cyo gutera lisansi ni ugukoresha atomike no kuyitera mu cyumba cyaka moteri, ukareba neza kuvanga neza n’umwuka kugirango bitwike neza. Guhagarika cyangwa kwambara mubitera inshinge birashobora guhungabanya ubuziranenge bwa atomisation. Atomisiyasi mbi irashobora kuganisha ku gutwikwa kutuzuye, kubitsa karubone, no kugabanya imikorere ya moteri no gukora neza. Igenzura risanzwe rero ni ngombwa kugirango habeho atomisiyo nziza, ari ingenzi mu mikorere myiza y'ibikoresho.

Kugenzura umuvuduko w'ipine: Umuvuduko w'ipine ugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ibikoresho byo guhangana n'ingendo. Umuvuduko muke wapine wongera aho uhurira hagati yipine nubutaka, bityo bikazamura ubushyamirane no kongera ingufu. Ibinyuranye, amapine arenze urugero arashobora kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho no guhungabanya umutekano. Kugenzura buri gihe no gukomeza umuvuduko ukabije wapine murwego rusabwa bifasha kugabanya guhangana ningendo no kunoza imikorere.

Icyerekezo cyo kuzamura ikoranabuhanga

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike (ECs): EC igira uruhare runini mukuzamura ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga. Mugukurikirana imikorere n'ibipimo mugihe nyacyo binyuze muri sensor, bahita bahindura ibitoro bishingiye kuri aya makuru. Ibi bituma itangwa rya lisansi risobanutse neza mubikorwa bitandukanye, kongera ingufu za lisansi, kugabanya imyanda yingufu, no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugirango ibidukikije bibungabunge ibidukikije.

Tekinoroji ya Turbocharging: Iyi sisitemu yateye imbere izamura cyane moteri yo gufata neza. Muguhagarika umwuka unyuze muri turbocharger no kuyigeza kuri moteri, ituma moteri ishushanya mumyuka myinshi mugihe kimwe. Kwiyongera kwumwuka mwinshi bituma lisansi nziza - ivangwa ryumwuka uhumeka, bityo bikazamura ingufu. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya turbocharing iteza imbere gutwika amavuta kurwego runaka, bikagabanya neza gukoresha lisansi.

Sisitemu isanzwe yo gutera inshinge: Nka tekinoroji igezweho yo gutera ibitoro, sisitemu isanzwe yo gutera gari ya moshi ituma igenzura neza igihe cyo gutera ibitoro nigitutu. Kurugero, imashini igezweho ya 485LC-9T ikoresha hafi 170 yu lisansi mu isaha mugihe cyo gucukura. Muguteganya neza igihe cyo gutera inshinge nigitutu, bigera ku kongera ingufu zo gutwika no kuzamura atomisiyumu, bityo bikazamura ubukungu bwa peteroli no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi. Uku kugenzura neza ntabwo kuzamura gusa ibikoresho byingufu nubukungu bwa peteroli ahubwo binagabanya ibyuka bihumanya.

Sisitemu yo Kugarura Ingufu: Ubu buhanga bushya bugarura ingufu za feri mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho. Iyo feri ibaye, imbaraga nyinshi zisanzwe zikwirakwizwa nkubushyuhe. Sisitemu ifata izo mbaraga ikayihindura amashanyarazi yabitswe. Ingufu zagaruwe zirashobora noneho gukoresha ingufu zabafasha nkibikoresho bya elegitoronike n’umucyo, bityo bikagabanya ibikoresho bishingiye ku mbaraga za moteri no kuzamura ingufu muri rusange.

Ibitekerezo byo gukoresha lisansi mwisoko ryubukode

amasezerano yo gukodesha

Mu isoko rito ry'ubukode bwa Peru, abakiriya benshi kandi bibanda ku bipimo byo gukoresha peteroli:

Gukodesha uburyo bwo gukodesha amafaranga yo gukoresha

Isesengura ku Isano riri hagati yigiciro cyubukode nogukoresha lisansi

Incamake na Outlook

Binyuze muri - ubushakashatsi bwimbitse no gusesengura ikoreshwa rya lisansi ikoreshwa na moteri ntoya muri Peru, twasanze gukoresha lisansi byabaye ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumikorere yimashini zubaka. Urebye mu buryo bwa tekiniki, urwego rwo gukoresha lisansi ya kijyambere ya kijyambere rugenda rutera imbere cyane, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha lisansi igenzurwa muri 3.0-5.0L / h, kigaragaza iterambere ryinshi ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa hakiri kare.

Incamake y'ibiranga isoko y'ubu:

Ikirangantego cy'Ubushinwa gikora neza mu kugenzura ikoreshwa rya lisansi hamwe n’ibiciro byinshi

Gukoresha lisansi biratandukanye cyane mubihe bitandukanye, bisaba guhitamo ibikoresho.

Ibidukikije bidasanzwe bya Peru bifite uruhare runini mukoresha lisansi, kandi ibintu byo gukosora ubutumburuke bigomba gutekerezwa uko bikwiye.

Ibiciro bya lisansi bingana na 15% kugeza kuri 25% yikiguzi cyose cyo gukora, bigatuma kubungabunga ingufu ari ngombwa.

Icyerekezo kizaza:

Hamwe n’amabwiriza akomeye y’ibidukikije hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rihoraho, ingufu za peteroli zicukura zizakomeza gutera imbere. Mu myaka iri imbere, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya moteri, ibishushanyo mbonera bya hydraulic, hamwe n’ibisubizo by’amashanyarazi biteganijwe ko bizagabanya ikoreshwa rya peteroli ku 10% kugeza kuri 15%.

Ku bakoresha imashini zubaka za Peru, guhitamo lisansi - ibikoresho byiza, gutsimbataza akamenyero keza ko gukora, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubungabunga siyanse bizaba ingamba zingenzi zo kugabanya ibiciro byakazi no kuzamura irushanwa. Hagati aho, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ingufu, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zizagenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro mu bikorwa byihariye, bizatanga inzira y’iterambere ry’icyatsi muri Peru

inganda zubaka.

Nubwo bisa nkaho ari bito, ikibazo cyo gukoresha lisansi ya bucukuzi buciriritse kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zirambye. Mugutezimbere udushya twikoranabuhanga, kunoza imikorere yubuyobozi, no gushyiraho amahame yisoko, urwego rwimashini zubaka muri Peru rumeze neza - ruhagaze neza kugirango rugere ku mikorere myiza ndetse n’ibidukikije -.

Muraho, Ndi Jason Wang, umwanditsi wiyi nyandiko. Dufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 15 mugutanga ibice byo gucukura, dutanga ibikoresho byiza - byubuziranenge mubucuruzi mubihugu birenga 50 kwisi. Kuva kumaduka mato yo gusana kugeza kubacuruzi benshi, abakiriya bacu batwishingikiriza kubice bimara igihe kirekire kandi byuzuye byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda. Ibicuruzwa byacu byinshi birimo ibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi, reberi, ibikoresho bya hydraulic, muyungurura, ibice by'amashanyarazi, ibice bitwara abagenzi, n'ibindi byinshi, bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye byerekana imiterere. Haba ubwubatsi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi, cyangwa imashini ziremereye, ibice byacu byubatswe kugirango bihangane nakazi gasabwa, bituma imikorere yizewe hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora.

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