Ni ibihe bice bya moteri ishobora gukenera kubungabungwa buri gihe?

Nka soko ryingenzi ryimashini zubaka muri Amerika yo Hagati, Guatemala yagaragaye ko izamuka ryibikorwa remezo bikenewe mu myaka yashize. Ibarurishamibare ryerekana ko ibarura ry’imashini z’ubwubatsi mu gihugu ryiyongera ku mwaka ku kigero cya 8% kugeza kuri 12%, hamwe na za gicukuzi zifite hejuru ya 60%. Nyamara, imbogamizi zo kubungabunga zituruka ku kirere gishyuha, ahantu hagoye, hamwe n’ibidukikije bidasanzwe. Ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe byihutisha gahunda ya hydraulic gusaza, mugihe imisozi itanga ibisabwa cyane kuri moteri na sisitemu yohereza.

Ku isoko rya Guatemala, ibirango mpuzamahanga nka CAT, Komatsu, na Volvo byiganje, mu gihe ibirango by’abashinwa nka Sany na XCMG bigenda byagura imigabane yabo ku isoko. Ibiranga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biva mu bucukuzi biratandukanye muburyo bwo kubungabunga no kugenderaho, ariko amahame remezo yo kubungabunga arahoraho. Iyi ngingo izatanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo gufata neza abakoresha ubucukuzi mu karere ka Guatemala, bikubiyemo kumenya kode ya HS, ibitekerezo bya 4P byo kubungabunga, inzinguzingo z’amavuta, hamwe n "" Amategeko 10 ".

Ubucukuzi bukora nk '"umutima" w’imishinga yo kubaka Guatemala - kuva kwaguka Umuhanda Pan - Umuhanda w’Abanyamerika ugana kuri sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya Isawar, kuva ku butaka bwahingwaga ikawa kugeza ku bikorwa byo gucukura zahabu. Inshingano iremereye -, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - Isesengura ry’inganda ryerekana ko gufata neza bidahagije ari impamvu itera kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho, hamwe na sisitemu ya hydraulic yamenetse, gushyushya moteri, hamwe no kuyungurura byiganje cyane. Ibi bibazo ntibigabanya cyane imikorere yubwubatsi ahubwo birashobora no gutuma habaho kwiyongera cyane mubiciro byo gusana.

Ku bakora ubucukuzi muri Guatemala, cyane cyane abashoramari bato n'abaciriritse -, kubitaho buri gihe ntabwo ari "amafaranga yinyongera" ahubwo ni ingamba nyamukuru yo kugabanya ibiciro birebire - no kwemeza iterambere ry'umushinga. Iyi ngingo yibanze ku ngingo enye zingenzi: "Kode ya HS kubice byabigenewe, amahame ya 4P yo kubungabunga, inzinguzingo za peteroli ya moteri, hamwe n’amategeko 10 yo kubungabunga," itanga amabwiriza ngenderwaho yo gufata neza ajyanye n’isoko rya Guatemala.

II. Muri - Ubujyakuzimu Isesengura rya Subtopics

:

Guatemala ni kimwe mu bitumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Dukurikije imibare y’ubucuruzi yo mu 2024, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa byatumijwe mu Bushinwa na Guatemala muri uwo mwaka byageze kuri miliyoni 120 z'amadolari. Mubikorwa byo gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, code ya HS ikwiye igira uruhare runini. Ihindura mu buryo butaziguye imikorere ya gasutamo, kuko gukoresha kode ya HS irashobora kubuza neza ibicuruzwa gufungwa na gasutamo no kwemeza neza gasutamo. Mugihe kimwe, code ya HS ikwiye nayo ifitanye isano rya hafi nigiciro cyibiciro. Ukoresheje code ya HS ikwiye, abatumiza ibicuruzwa barashobora kwishimira politiki yibanze yazanywe namasezerano yubucuruzi ku buntu, bityo kugabanya ibicuruzwa biva hanze.

Kubatumiza muri Guatemala, kumenya neza kode ya HS kubice bicukura ni ngombwa. Ibi birenze kumenyekanisha kode gusa - bigira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere itunganijwe neza no kugenzura ibiciro. Dukurikije amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi muri Amerika yo Hagati (CAFTA), kode ya HS ikosora ku buryo butaziguye igipimo cy’imisoro n’imikorere ya gasutamo. Kode yukuri ya HS ningirakamaro kubatumiza hanze kuko igena ibiciro byamahoro. Kurugero, muri Guatemala, kugenzura ibiciro byibicuruzwa kubicuruzwa byihariye binyuze kurubuga rwa gasutamo n’ishami ry’ubucuruzi bituma imisoro ikwiye, ikirinda imisoro y’inyongera kubera amakosa ya code. Byongeye kandi, gukosora kode ya HS mugihe cyo gukuraho gasutamo byihuse kugenzura no kurekura, bizamura imikorere muri rusange. Hano hepfo harambuye kode ya HS kubice bisanzwe nibisabwa mumasoko ya Guatemala:

Icyitonderwa: gasutamo ya Gwatemala isaba ko ibice by’ubucukuzi bitumizwa mu mahanga bigomba gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye bya ** "izina ryigice + icyitegererezo gikoreshwa + ibikoresho" **, kandi birasabwa ko abatanga Ubushinwa bagaragaza neza inyemezabuguzi na lisiti yo gupakira kugirango birinde gutinda kwa gasutamo kubera "amakuru atuzuye" (igihe cyo gutinda ni iminsi 3-5).

(2) Ihame rya 4P ryo Kubungabunga: Imiyoborere ku isoko rya Guatemala

Kugira ngo dukemure ingingo zigaragara z’abakoresha Guatemala - imyumvire idahwitse yo kubungabunga no gutinda gutanga ibikoresho by’ibicuruzwa - twateje imbere ** "4P yo gufata neza" ** binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse -. Uru rwego ruha imbaraga abakoresha kuva mubikorwa byo gusana bikajya mubikorwa byo kubungabunga, bityo bikazamura ibikoresho neza kandi byizewe. Ibyingenzi byingenzi nibi bikurikira:

1. Igice

Mugihe cyo gufata neza ibikoresho, tugomba gushyira imbere ibice byoroshye bishobora kwangirika nibice byingenzi bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa rusange bya sisitemu. Kuri sisitemu zitandukanye:

Sisitemu ya moteri: Urebye Guatemala idasanzwe - ubutumburuke hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru -, sisitemu ya moteri igomba kwerekana imiterere idasanzwe. Mu bihe nk'ibi, umwuka woroshye ugabanya moteri ya moteri, bisaba gushushanya neza no guhuza kugirango ukore neza. Byongeye kandi, gukwirakwiza neza ubushyuhe biba ingenzi mubihe byinshi - ubushyuhe, bisaba uburyo bwo gukonjesha - bwo gukonjesha kugirango birinde ubushyuhe bukabije - byananiranye.

Sisitemu ya Hydraulic: Ubushuhe bwinshi mubidukikije birashobora gutera byoroshye kwangirika muri sisitemu ya hydraulic. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ibice bigize sisitemu ya hydraulic bigomba kuba bikozwe muri ruswa - ibikoresho birwanya. Byongeye kandi, ubugenzuzi busanzwe no kubungabunga bigomba gukorwa kugirango tumenye vuba kandi dukemure ibimenyetso byose byangirika, byemeze ko sisitemu ikora neza.

Sisitemu yo kohereza: Urebye imiterere yimisozi iranga Guatemala, ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye mugihe gikorerwa mumisozi. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kohereza bugomba kugira imbaraga zihagije kandi zihamye kugirango zihererekane byimazeyo mubihe biremereye, byemeza imikorere isanzwe yibikoresho mumisozi.

2. Igihe (cycle)

Tugomba guhindura uburyo bwo gufata neza ibikoresho dukurikije imiterere yihariye y’ikirere ya Guatemala.

Igihe cy'imvura yo mu turere dushyuha (Gicurasi kugeza Ukwakira): Muri iki gihe, imvura nyinshi n’ubushuhe bwinshi byongera ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho mu bihe bitose, bikaviramo umuvuduko mwinshi. Kugirango ibikoresho bikore neza, intera yo kubungabunga igomba kugabanukaho 20%, kandi inshuro zo kubungabunga zigomba kongerwa kugirango tumenye vuba kandi dukemure ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.

Igihe cyizuba (Ugushyingo kugeza Mata): Muri iki gihe, ikirere cyumye, kandi ibikoresho ntibibangamirwa n’ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, kubungabunga birashobora gukorwa ukurikije uruziga rusanzwe kugirango ibikoresho bikore neza.

3. Inzira (Inzira)

Kugirango tumenye neza imikorere yimirimo yo kubungabunga, twashyizeho urutonde rwibikorwa bisanzwe. Ibi birimo:

Igenzura rya buri munsi: Kora igenzura ryuzuye rya buri munsi ryibikoresho, wibande kugenzura niba amavuta n’amazi ari ibisanzwe kandi niba hari ibyangiritse bigaragara hanze y’ibikoresho. Urwego rusanzwe rwamavuta namazi bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye bwo gusiga ibikoresho no gukonjesha, mugihe ibyangiritse bigaragara bishobora guhungabanya ubusugire bwimiterere nimikorere isanzwe yibikoresho. Binyuze mu igenzura rya buri munsi, ibibazo bishobora gutahurwa vuba, bikarinda kwangirika.

Kubungabunga buri gihe: Shyira mu bikorwa ibyiciro ukurikije amasaha yo gukora. Amasaha atandukanye ahuye nurwego rwihariye rwo kubungabunga no gukora, kwemerera ubuvuzi bukurikije imikoreshereze nyayo kugirango ibice byose byakira neza.

Kubungabunga ibihe: Shyira mubikorwa ingamba zo kurinda zishingiye kubiranga ibihe. Kurugero, mugihe cyimvura, ongera ubushyuhe - kwerekana ibikoresho, mugihe mugihe cyizuba -, ushimangire kubungabunga ubushyuhe kugirango ukore neza ibikoresho mubihe byose.

4. Abakozi (abakozi)

Kuzamura ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kubungabunga ibikoresho, dushyira imbere imyitozo yitsinda ryita kumurongo. Ingamba zihariye zirimo:

Gushiraho sisitemu yo gutanga ibyemezo: Gutegura uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutanga ibyemezo kugirango dusuzume kandi twemeze ubumenyi bwa tekinike bwabakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga. Gusa abantu bemewe bafite uburenganzira bwo gukora imirimo yo kubungabunga, bakemeza ko bafite ubumenyi nubuhanga bukenewe, bityo bakazamura ireme rya serivisi zo kubungabunga.

Kuvugurura ubuhanga busanzwe: Mugihe tekinoroji yibikoresho ikomeje kugenda itera imbere, abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga nabo bagomba guhora bongera ubumenyi bwabo. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gutegura buri gihe ibikorwa byamahugurwa no kwiga kubakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga, kubafasha gukomeza kuvugururwa nubuhanga nuburyo bugezweho bwo kubungabunga, no guhora bavugurura ubumenyi nubuhanga bwabo.

Ubushobozi bwo gutabara byihutirwa: Imiterere ya Guatemala imiterere yimiterere yikirere nikirere irashobora gutuma ibintu byihutirwa mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gutsimbataza ubushobozi bwo gutabara byihutirwa mubakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga, kubafasha gutabara byihuse kunanirwa gutunguranye no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’imikorere mibi ku bicuruzwa.

Ikiburanwa: Ubucukuzi bwa Sany SY365 mu kirombe cya zahabu ya Guatemala bwagize ikibazo cyo kwambara pompe hydraulic kubera kutita ku kugenzura buri gihe amavuta ya hydraulic (bisabwa buri masaha 500), bigatuma amafaranga 15,000 yo gusanwa. Mugushira mubikorwa "ihame ryo gukumira" no gukora igenzura ryijimye buri masaha 200 ukoresheje "viscometer", iyangirika ryamavuta ryashoboraga kuboneka mbere, bikagabanya amafaranga yo gusimbuza amadolari 2000 gusa.

(3) Igihe cyo Gusimbuza Amavuta ya moteri: Guhindura Ukurikije Imiterere ya Guatemala

Isesengura ryibintu bigira ingaruka

Ibitekerezo byihariye kuri Guatemala:

Ingaruka yubushyuhe: Impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwa dogere 25-30, kwihuta kwa okiside

Ingaruka yubushuhe: Impuzandengo yumwaka wa 75% ikunze kubyara ibintu bya aside.

Ibidukikije byumukungugu: ivu ryibirunga hamwe nubwubatsi bwumukungugu birakomeye

Ubwiza bwa lisansi: Ibirimo bya sufuru muri lisansi ni byinshi mubice bimwe

Moteri ikora nka "power source" ya excavator, hamwe numurimo wo gusiga, gukonjesha, no gukora isuku. Mubihe bigoye byakazi muri Guatemala - irangwa nubushyuhe bwinshi (ubushyuhe bwimpeshyi burenga dogere 35) hamwe nuburemere buremereye (imikorere ya buri munsi mumasaha arenga 12) - kwangirika kwamavuta ya moteri byihuta, bisaba ko habaho gusimburwa mugihe gito.

Icyitonderwa: Amategeko ya zahabu yo guhindura amavuta:

Reba urwego rwamavuta ukoresheje igipimo cyamavuta (urwego rusanzwe: hagati yikimenyetso cyo hejuru no hepfo). Niba urwego rwamavuta rugabanutseho litiro zirenga 1 mugihe cyiminsi 10, genzura ibimenetse (urugero, kashe ya moteri yangiritse).

Koresha isesengura rya peteroli (iboneka kuri sitasiyo ya serivisi yatoranijwe muri Guatemala). Niba ibice by'icyuma (urugero, ibyuma byerekana), hita usimbuza amavuta hanyuma ugenzure moteri imbere (urugero, kwambara impeta ya piston).

(4) "Amategeko 10" yo Kubungabunga: Igitabo gikoresha cya Guatemala

Dukurikije uko isoko rya Guatemala ryifashe, twashyizeho ** "Amategeko 10 yingenzi yo gufata neza ibicuruzwa" - byoroshye, bitazibagirana, kandi bifatika **.

Amategeko yo kubungabunga buri munsi: Mbere yo gutangira, genzura urwego rw 'amavuta atatu na coolant imwe (amavuta ya moteri, amavuta ya hydraulic, lisansi, coolant). Niba urwego ruri munsi yikimenyetso ntarengwa, ongera wuzuze amavuta.

Icyumweru cyo kubungabunga protocole: Sukura akayunguruzo ko mu kirere ukoresheje umwuka wugarije (ukoresheje umuvuduko uri munsi ya 0.5MPa) kugirango wirinde umukungugu kwinjira muri moteri.

Uburyo bwo gufata neza buri kwezi: Kugenzura imirongo ya hydraulic (shyira igisubizo cya detergent; ibibyimba byerekana imyanda) hanyuma ukomere kumashanyarazi adafunguye.

Buri gihembwe cyo kubungabunga protocole: Hindura umurongo ukurikirana ukoresheje silinderi ikomeza (komeza 10-15cm sagage) kugirango wirinde gusohoka.

Amategeko yo kubungabunga Semiannual: Kugenzura umukandara wa moteri (kanda ukoresheje ukuboko, gutandukana Bitarenze cyangwa bingana na 10mm) hanyuma usimbuze imikandara ishaje.

Buri mwaka protocole yo kubungabunga: Sukura moteri ya moteri uyishire mumashanyarazi mumasaha 2, hanyuma woge n'amazi meza, kandi wirinde ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Kwambara - amategeko agenga ibintu: Simbuza amenyo yindobo mugihe kwambara birenze 1/3 (Abakiriya ba Guatemala bakunze gukoresha 'kwambara - amenyo yindobo yicyuma', amara inshuro ebyiri nkizisanzwe);

Amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho: Shyira imbere ibice byumwimerere (urugero, Sany cyangwa Caterpillar muyunguruzi nyayo) kugirango wirinde kunanirwa kwa kabiri guterwa nibice byanyuma.

Isuku ya Porotokole: Nyuma yimikorere ya buri munsi, sukura moteri ukoresheje imbunda ndende y’amazi - (irinde gukoresha amazi akonje kugirango usukure moteri) kugirango wirinde umukungugu.

Injira - kubahiriza amategeko: Andika 'Maintenance Log' (harimo igihe, ibigize, hamwe nuwayikoresheje) kugirango ukurikirane ibikoresho (urugero, gusimbuza amavuta ya hydraulic buri masaha 1000).

III. Incamake na Outlook

(I) Incamake

Iyi ngingo ikemura ibibazo bine byingenzi byerekeranye no "gucukura buri gihe", kandi itanga umurongo ngenderwaho wibikorwa ushingiye kumiterere nyayo yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imitwaro myinshi hamwe nibicuruzwa bitangwa ku isoko rya Guatemala.

Kode ya HS: Kode ikwiye ningirakamaro mugutanga gasutamo no kugenzura ibiciro, bisaba izina ryibigize, icyitegererezo gikoreshwa, nibikoresho bigomba gutomorwa.

Ihame rya 4P: Mu kwibanda ku gukumira, kugihe, ubunyamwuga, hamwe ninyandiko, biha abakoresha kugera kubikorwa byo kubungabunga.

Inzira yo guhindura amavuta: Yahinduwe kubikorwa bya Guatemala, intera yo gusimbuza igabanywa 10% –20%.

Ingingo ya 10: Tanga ibintu byoroshye, byoroshye - kugeza - ibuka umurongo ngenderwaho wibikorwa bikubiyemo kubungabunga ibikenewe kuva kumunsi kugeza kumwaka.

(II) Ibitekerezo

Hamwe na Guatemala yihutisha iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo (igihugu giteganya gushora miliyari 5 z'amadolari mu mihanda no mu mashanyarazi hagati ya 2025 na 2030), icyifuzo cyo gucukura kizakomeza kwiyongera, mu gihe isoko ryo kubungabunga rifite amahirwe menshi:

Amahirwe yubucuruzi bwubushinwa: arashobora gushiraho ububiko bwibicuruzwa hamwe n’ibigo bya serivisi muri Guatemala, bigatanga serivisi zihuriweho na - kubungabunga ibibanza no gutanga ibikoresho by’ibicuruzwa, bikemura ikibazo cy’ibicuruzwa byatinze kubakoresha;

Umusaruro wa tekiniki: Kongera ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga hafi muguhugura abatekinisiye binyuze muri gahunda nka Sany's Global Service Training Program.

Uburyo bwo guhindura imibare: Gutezimbere sisitemu yo kubungabunga ubwenge (urugero, sisitemu ya Sany ECC) kugirango ikurikirane ibikoresho mugihe gikwiye ukoresheje sensor, bigufasha kumenya amakosa hakiri kare (urugero, ubushyuhe bwa peteroli ya hydraulic irenze imipaka).

Mu gusoza, kubakoresha ubucukuzi muri Guatemala, kubungabunga buri gihe ntabwo ari 'ikiguzi' ahubwo ni 'ishoramari' - itanga imikorere ihamye munsi yimizigo iremereye, ikongerera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho (byibuze imyaka 3), kandi igabanya ibiciro byigihe kirekire - hafi 20%. Turizera ko iki gitabo gifasha abakoresha kugera ku ntego yo 'gukoresha ibikoresho neza no gutera imbere mu mushinga.'

Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kuzamura buhoro buhoro ibikorwa remezo bya digitale ya Guatemala, gusuzuma kure no kubungabunga ibizashoboka bizashoboka. Ikirangantego cy’Ubushinwa gishobora gukoresha ibyiza byacyo mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge kugira ngo giha abakoresha Guatemala sisitemu yo gucunga ibikoresho by’ubuzima bushingiye kuri interineti y’ibintu (IoT) hamwe n’isesengura ry’amakuru makuru, bituma habaho gukusanya - igihe cyo gukusanya, gusesengura, no kuburira amakosa y’ibikorwa biva mu bice by'ingenzi bicukura. Ibi bihindura "gahunda yo kubungabunga" muri "kuri - kubungabunga ibidukikije," kurushaho kuzamura ibikoresho biboneka hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi. Hagati aho, ubufatanye bw’ibanze buzarushaho kurushaho kunozwa, hatabariwemo gusa kubika ibicuruzwa byabigenewe gusa ahubwo bizafatanya n’amashuri makuru y’imyuga yo mu karere gukora ubuhinzi bugamije impano no gutanga gahunda zisanzwe zo kubungabunga gahunda. Ibi bizamura cyane ubumenyi bwumwuga bwitsinda ryita kubucukuzi bwa Gwatemala ryaho, amaherezo rikaba urugero rwiterambere rirambye ry "ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa + serivisi zaho," rifatanya guteza imbere iterambere ryiza kandi ryiza ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi bwa Guatemala.

Muraho, Ndi Jason Wang, umwanditsi wiyi nyandiko. Dufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 15 mugutanga ibice byo gucukura, dutanga ibikoresho byiza - byubuziranenge mubucuruzi mubihugu birenga 50 kwisi. Kuva kumaduka mato yo gusana kugeza kubacuruzi benshi, abakiriya bacu batwishingikiriza kubice bimara igihe kirekire kandi byuzuye byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda. Ibicuruzwa byacu byinshi birimo ibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi, reberi, ibikoresho bya hydraulic, muyungurura, ibice by'amashanyarazi, ibice bitwara abagenzi, n'ibindi byinshi, bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye byerekana imiterere. Haba ubwubatsi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi, cyangwa imashini ziremereye, ibice byacu byubatswe kugirango bihangane nakazi gasabwa, bituma imikorere yizewe hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora.

Facebook: https: //www.facebook.com/ziyue.wang.942