320 isobanura iki kuri moteri?

1. Amavu n'amavuko

Mu nganda zubaka imashini, imibare yerekana imiterere ya excavator ifite akamaro kihariye. Fata CAT 320 hamwe na Komatsu PC200 nkurugero - imibare iri murugero yerekana uwabikoze - code yihariye ya tonnage. By'umwihariko, "200" muri Komatsu PC200 yerekana ubushobozi bwa toni 20 -, mu gihe "320" muri CAT 320 ihuye na 20 - toni imwe. Imashini ya CAT ya toni 20-30 yashyizwe mubikorwa nkibikoresho biciriritse. Sisitemu yo kwita izina ifite imizi yimbitse yamateka, ituruka kubikorwa byabakora hakiri kare kugirango bagabanye umurongo umurongo. Kugirango utandukanye neza ubwoko butandukanye nibisobanuro, ababikora bateje imbere sisitemu ya numero ya tonnage binyuze mubushakashatsi buhoraho. Nyuma yigihe, aya masezerano yo kwita izina yamenyekanye cyane kandi ahinduka ikiranga isi yose.

Usibye kuba code yicyitegererezo gusa, aya mazina agira uruhare muburyo butaziguye. Amasomo atandukanye ya tonnage asaba moteri na sisitemu yingufu zifite ubushobozi butandukanye kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa byihariye. Kurugero, 20 - icukumbura risanzwe rigaragaza moteri ifite ingufu zirenga 100 kilowat. Imashini ya Sany SY215C itanga 118 kW kuri 2000 rpm, mugihe XCMG XE215DA ikurikirana imashini igera kuri 135 kW ku muvuduko umwe. Ibinyuranyo, imashini ya Caterpillar 307 ikora moteri ifite moteri ntoya ya moteri ya 34.9 kWt. Ibyiza bya tonnage hamwe nimbaraga zingirakamaro bigira ingaruka nziza kumikorere. Sany SY215C, ifite moteri yo gukata - yo mu bwoko bwa sisitemu y’umwuga hamwe na sisitemu yayo "Positive Flow", igera ku 10% mu gukoresha peteroli mu gihe izamura imikorere ya 25%. Ibitegererezo nkibi bihuye neza mubikorwa bitandukanye byakazi. Byongeye kandi, izina rya tonnage risobanura ibyerekeranye na progaramu ya excavator, hamwe na moderi zitandukanye zagenewe imishinga itandukanye yo kubaka nubunzani bukora.

2. Ibisobanuro bya tekinike ya Model 320

2.1 Ibisobanuro by'ibipimo fatizo

Icyitonderwa: Itandukaniro rito riri hagati yibirango. Kurugero, muri CAT 320CL, 'C' yerekana igishushanyo cya gatatu -, mugihe 'L' yerekana inzira yagutse.

2.2 Ikibanza cyo gusaba

Duhereye ku buryo bufatika, iki gicuruzwa cyerekana imyanya igaragara kandi ikora neza muburyo butandukanye. Imbaraga zingenzi ziri mubwubatsi bwa komini, ntoya - kugeza - hagati - ibikorwa byubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, n'imishinga yo kubungabunga amazi mu buhinzi. Mubisabwa bya komine, ikora neza gutunganya umuhanda no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo mumijyi. Kubikorwa byubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, iriba ryayo - ryakozwe kandi ryizewe rituma imihindagurikire myiza y’ibidukikije bigoye, byongera cyane gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Mu kubungabunga amazi y’ubuhinzi, igira uruhare runini mu mirimo nko gucukura umwobo no kubaka ibikorwa remezo bya hydraulic, bitanga inkunga ikomeye ku musaruro w’ibihingwa.

Nyamara, iki gicuruzwa gifite aho kigarukira mubihe byihariye. Kurugero, mubikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ibipimo ngenderwaho byimashini zubaka mubisanzwe bisaba ubucukuzi bunini bufite uburemere burenga toni 40 kugirango bwuzuze ibisabwa. Dufate urugero rwa toni 40 SY420C icukumbura: uburemere bwayo bwose bugera kuri toni 41,6, hamwe nuburebure ntarengwa bwo gucukura bwa mm 7.375 hamwe nimbaraga zo gucukura indobo zingana na 239 kN, bigatuma bikenerwa no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Ibicuruzwa biriho, ariko, ntibishobora kuba byujuje ubuziranenge mubijyanye nubushobozi bwimitwaro no gucukura ubujyakuzimu, bigatuma bidakwiranye nibi bihe. Byongeye kandi, mu mijyi ifunganye imijyi ikenerwa na mini ya moteri ikenewe kugirango ikoreshwe neza, ingano y'ibicuruzwa nibindi bintu bishobora kugabanya imikorere yayo mubidukikije.

3. Muri - ubujyakuzimu Isesengura ryisoko rya Chili

3.1 Saba Ibiranga hamwe nahantu nyaburanga

Chili ifite umwanya w'ingenzi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi. Nk’umuringa munini ku isi, ufite 28% by’umuringa ku isi. Urebye ibyiza byumutungo, isoko yo gucukura ibicuruzwa bya Chili irerekana ibintu byihariye kandi byihariye.

Isesengura ryibisabwa ku isoko ryerekana ko toni 20-30 zicukura ziganje mu murenge. Izi mashini zingana na 45% byibikoresho bishya bigurishwa muri Chili, cyane cyane bikora amabuye yumuringa wumuringa hamwe nu mushinga wo kubaka uruganda rutunganya amabuye y'agaciro. Imbaraga zabo ziciriritse hamwe nubushobozi bwo gucukura zituma hakorwa neza ubutare bwubutaka mugihe cyibikorwa byubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, mugihe byujuje uburinganire bwibibanza nibisabwa byubatswe mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo byinganda.

Ikwirakwizwa ry'ikirango ryerekana uburyo butandukanye. Ibiranga Uburayi n'Abanyamerika nka CAT na Volvo byiganje mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, aho ibikoresho byiringirwa ari byo by'ingenzi. Ibirango byujuje ibyifuzo byigihe kirekire, hejuru - ibikorwa byimbaraga binyuze mugukata kwabo - ikoranabuhanga ryambere, ubukorikori bwuzuye, hamwe nubwiza bwagaragaye. Ibinyuranye, ibirango byabayapani na koreya nka Komatsu na Doosan bikora cyane cyane ibikorwa remezo. Hamwe nuburambe bunini hamwe nubuhanga bukuze muriki gice, batanga ibikoresho byizewe kubikorwa byubwubatsi.

Ku bicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa, hari n'iterambere mu isoko rya Chili. Ubucukuzi bw'ikirango cy'Ubushinwa bufite inyungu zikomeye. Nk’uko amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na Dongwu Securities abitangaza ngo igiciro cy’imashini ntoya ya Sany Heavy Industry igera ku 250.000, mu gihe ibirango by’iburayi n’Amerika nka Caterpillar bigera ku 300.000. Ubucukuzi buciriritse bwa Sany bugurwa hafi 650.000, naho Caterpillar ni 750.000 - 800.000. Muri rusange, ubucukuzi bw'ikirangantego bw'Ubushinwa bugera kuri 20% -30% bihendutse kurusha abanyaburayi n'Abanyamerika. Muri icyo gihe, ibirango by’iburayi n’Abanyamerika bikunze kugira ibicuruzwa byisumbuyeho, mu gihe ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu bifite ibicuruzwa biri hasi cyane, bikaba ari imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zituma ibiciro biri hasi. Ibi birashimishije cyane kubakiriya bumva neza ibiciro. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’ahantu h’urunigi rw’ibicuruzwa bitangwa n’Ubushinwa, igihe cy’ibicuruzwa byatanzwe ku bicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa cyateye imbere ku buryo bugaragara. Ibi bivuze ko mugihe abakiriya bakoresha imashini zamamaza ibicuruzwa mubushinwa, barashobora kubona byihuse ibyangombwa bisabwa byihuse, bikagabanya cyane igihe cyigihe cyatewe no kubura ibice no kuzamura neza igipimo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho.

3.2 Inzitizi mubikorwa byaho

4. Ibyerekezo bizaza hamwe nibyifuzo byingamba

Iyo tuganira ku iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’imashini zikora ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Chili, ni ngombwa gukora isesengura ryimbitse - ryimbitse ryerekana icyerekezo cy’ihindagurika ry’ikoranabuhanga n'amahirwe abahinzi bo mu Bushinwa bahura nabyo, bikaba ari ngombwa mu gusobanukirwa imigendekere y’isoko no gushyiraho ingamba zifatika.

4.1 Icyerekezo cyubwihindurize

Gutandukanya amasoko y’ingufu: Mu karere ka majyaruguru ya Chili, aho umutungo wa lithium ari mwinshi cyane, hakozwe umushinga w’icyitegererezo ku bucukuzi bw’amashanyarazi. Imashini zicukura amashanyarazi zitanga ibyiza byingenzi, hamwe n’amasaha agera kuri 8 no kugabanuka kwa 40% ugereranije n’ubucukuzi gakondo. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mushinga w’icyitegererezo ryerekana neza uburyo bwo gutandukanya ingufu, hamwe n’amashanyarazi buhoro buhoro bihinduka amahitamo akomeye ku mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro.

Nk’uko raporo zibigaragaza, biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abantu mu bucukuzi bw’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ziteganijwe kuva kuri miliyari 12 kugeza kuri miliyari 30 hagati ya 2025 na 2030, aho izamuka ry’umwaka rirenga 20%. Mu rwego rwo gucukura ingufu no gucukura ibyuma, biteganijwe ko igipimo cyinjira kiva kuri 15% kikagera kuri 40% muri 2030. Imashini zicukura amashanyarazi ntizigabanya gusa gushingira ku bicanwa by’ibicanwa gakondo ahubwo binatanga inyungu zikomeye z’ibikorwa: ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biri munsi ya lisansi, kandi amafaranga yo kubungabunga arashobora kugabanuka. Kurugero, Ethanol 15 - amakamyo ya hydrogène yamashanyarazi yoherejwe mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro muri Gansu yakijije abakoresha hejuru ya 45% y’ingufu z’ingufu bitewe n’igiciro gito cy’ingufu za methanol na Ethanol - kugeza kuri - uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, mu gihe kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kuri toni zirenga 9000 buri mwaka. Ibi bizamura inyungu zubukungu mugihe bigira uruhare mukubaka amabuye y'agaciro.

Kuzamura Ubwenge: Kugira ngo ibyifuzo byubucukuzi butagira abadereva, imashini zicukura zigenda zitera imbere mu kuzamura ubwenge. Ubucukuzi bwinshi ubu bugaragaza sisitemu yigenga yigenga yo gutwara, nka sisitemu ya Frontech ya Komatsu. Izi sisitemu zifasha abacukuzi gukora imirimo isobanutse neza batabigizemo uruhare, bizamura cyane umutekano n'umutekano. Binyuze mu kuzamura ubwenge, umusaruro wubucukuzi urashobora gukora neza kandi byizewe, bikagabanya ingaruka ziterwa nabantu mubikorwa.

4.2 Amahirwe kubakora mubushinwa

Property Inyungu zo gutanga amasoko: Abakora mubushinwa bafite inyungu zisobanutse kumasoko ya Chili. Kugirango barusheho guha serivisi abakiriya baho, abakora mubushinwa bashizeho ikigo cyibice muri Antofagasta yubucuruzi bwubucuruzi muri Chili. Uku kwimuka ni ngombwa kuko birashobora kugabanya cyane uburyo bwo gutanga ibice kugeza amasaha 72.

Ibicuruzwa byihuse byihuta bitanga ibikoresho mugihe gikwiye, bikagabanya igihe cyateganijwe, bigatuma abakiriya banyurwa, bityo bikazamura ubushobozi bwabashoramari bo mubushinwa kumasoko ya Chili.

Period Igihe cya idirishya rya politiki: Kugeza ubu, Banki nkuru y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere muri Chili itanga inguzanyo ntoya - yo gushyigikira kugura ibikoresho by’Ubushinwa, bizana amahirwe adasanzwe ya politiki ku bakora inganda mu Bushinwa. Hamwe niyi nkunga ya politiki, amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro yo muri Chili yongereye cyane ubushake bwo kugura ibikoresho byabashinwa. Inguzanyo nto - zishobora kugabanya neza ibiciro byamasoko no kunoza imikorere yimikoreshereze yikigega. Iki gihe cya idirishya rya politiki rifungura isoko ryagutse kubakora mubushinwa, bibafasha kurushaho kwagura isoko ryabo muri Chili.

Kugenzura urubanza: XCMG XE370CA (33 - ton ton class) yerekanye imikorere myiza mubisabwa nyirizina kuri Quito Camata Umuringa. Dukurikije imibare isuzuma ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa kabiri, igipimo cyo kunanirwa kuri ubu buryo bwo gucukura cyaragabanutse kugera ku nshuro 2,3 ku masaha 10,000, iyi mibare ikaba iri hafi y’urwego rwa CAT 330 izwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Uru rubanza rwerekana neza ko ibicuruzwa by’abakora ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa bigeze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu bijyanye n’ubuziranenge kandi bwizewe, byujuje neza imikorere y’ibikorwa by’amabuye y’amabuye ya Chili.

Umwanzuro: Ibidukikije bishya ku isoko muri Co - ubwihindurize

Imashini icukura - nini ihagarariwe na "320" igira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’amabuye y'agaciro ya Chili, ihinduka ihuriro rya zahabu ry’iterambere ry’amabuye y'agaciro no kwagura ibikorwa remezo. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gukorwa n’abashoramari mu Bushinwa mu ikoranabuhanga n’ingamba z’isoko, bagenda buhoro buhoro bava mu "gusimbuza ibiciro" bajya kuri "symbiose y’ikoranabuhanga." Kurugero, Sany na Codelco bafatanije kwangiza ruswa - sisitemu ya hydraulic irwanya ruswa, icyitegererezo gikorana ntabwo cyongera urwego rwa tekiniki rwabakora mubushinwa gusa ahubwo runahuza neza nibisabwa nisoko rya Chili. Biteganijwe ko mu myaka itatu iri imbere, inganda z’Abashinwa zizahindura imiterere y’irushanwa ry’inganda z’imashini zubaka igihugu.

Kugeza ubu, isoko ry’imashini zubaka mu Bushinwa ryashyizeho urwego rusobanutse rw’ipiganwa: icyiciro cya mbere kigizwe n’ibihangange bine bikomeye - Sany Heavy Industry, Liugong, XCMG, na Zoomlion - byinjiza amafaranga arenga miliyari 10, muri byo Sany Heavy Industry na XCMG binjiza amafaranga arenga miliyari 40; icyiciro cya kabiri kirimo abakinnyi bashobora kuba nka Anhui Heli, Hangcha Group, na Shanhe Intelligent, binjiza hagati ya miliyari 4 - miliyari 10; icyiciro cya gatatu kigizwe n’amasosiyete nka Aili Precision na Xiamen Construction Machinery, imaze kumenyekana ku masoko meza, yinjiza kuva kuri miliyoni 100 kugeza kuri miliyari 1; icyiciro cya kane kigizwe ninganda nini nini nini nini - inganda nini zigamije hagati - kugeza ku isoko - isoko ryo hasi.

Hagati aho, nk’isoko rinini ku isi rikoresha imashini zubaka, Ubushinwa bufite hafi 46% by’umugabane w’umusaruro ku isi, aho inganda z’imbere mu gihugu zafashe hafi 63% by’umugabane w’isoko ku isi, zishyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo kuvugurura imiterere y’ipiganwa. Kugira ngo turusheho kumenyera ibidukikije bitandukanye bya Chili, birasabwa ko inganda z’Abashinwa zishimangira imiyoboro ya serivisi zaho, zigashyiraho uburyo bunoze nyuma ya - sisitemu yo kugurisha, kandi igahita isubiza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Hagati aho, twateje imbere ibishushanyo mbonera, harimo byihuse - guhindura hejuru - ubutumburuke / ibikoresho byo mu butayu, kugira ngo duhangane n’ibibazo bitoroshye byatewe n’ikigo cya Chili kandi gihora - gihindura imiterere, bityo tugera ku bikorwa byiza ku isoko rya Chili.

Muraho, Ndi Jason Wang, umwanditsi wiyi nyandiko. Dufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 15 mugutanga ibice byubucukuzi, dutanga ibikoresho byiza - byujuje ubuziranenge mubucuruzi mubihugu birenga 50 kwisi. Kuva kumaduka mato yo gusana kugeza kubacuruzi benshi, abakiriya bacu batwishingikiriza kubice bimara igihe kirekire kandi byuzuye byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda. Ibicuruzwa byacu byinshi birimo ibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi, imashini ya reberi, ibice bya hydraulic, muyungurura, ibice by'amashanyarazi, ibice bitwara abagenzi, n'ibindi byinshi, bikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye. Haba ubwubatsi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi, cyangwa imashini ziremereye, ibice byacu byubatswe kugirango bihangane nakazi gasabwa, bituma imikorere yizewe hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora.

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