Nibihe bice by'ibanze bya moteri?

Nkibikoresho byingenzi byubwubatsi byingirakamaro mubikorwa byubwubatsi bugezweho, imikorere yubucukuzi nubushobozi byayo bigenwa cyane nigikorwa gihujwe hamwe nogutezimbere imikorere yimikorere myinshi itandukanye harimo amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza hydraulic, imashini zikoresha imashini, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge. Isesengura rizacengera mubucukuzi rusange muri sisitemu yubuhanga. Tuzabanza gutandukanya neza buri sisitemu, hanyuma dushyireho imikoranire nuburyo bukoreshwa bwibice byingenzi bishingiye kuri logique ikora, amaherezo dusobanukirwe byimazeyo ibice byingenzi bya tekiniki yiyi mashini yubuhanga. By'umwihariko, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi itanga imbaraga zambere zo gutwara imashini yose, sisitemu ya hydraulic yorohereza ihererekanyabubasha no guhindura, abayikora bakora ibikorwa byihariye, mugihe sisitemu yo kugenzura ihuza imikorere ya sisitemu zose. Binyuze mu guhuza neza, izi sisitemu hamwe zemeza ko moteri ikora - ubushobozi bwo gukora neza.

1. Sisitemu yimbaraga - "umutima" wo gusohora ingufu

Nka nkomoko yingenzi yingufu zicukurwa rya kijyambere, sisitemu yingufu ningwate yibanze kubikorwa bikomeza kandi neza byibikoresho byose byubukanishi. Sisitemu yateguwe neza kandi ikora neza, ahanini igizwe nibice byingenzi bikurikira kandi ikina inshingano zingenzi:

Nkumutima wa sisitemu yingufu, imashini zigezweho zisanzwe zikoresha moteri ya mazutu ikora -. Izi moteri zihindura neza ingufu za chimique mumavuta mo ingufu za mashini binyuze muburyo bwo gutwikwa neza. Ihinduka ryingufu ntiritanga gusa ingufu zibanze kumashini yose ahubwo inatwara ibice byingenzi byingirakamaro nka pompe hydraulic pompe hamwe nabafana bakonje kugirango bakore mubufatanye. Imikorere ya moteri igena neza imikorere yimikorere nubushobozi bwa moteri.

Kugirango imikorere ya moteri ikomeze kandi ihamye, powertrain ifite sisitemu yubufasha yuzuye. Imirasire ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe buterwa no gukora moteri ikoresheje gukonjesha. Akayunguruzo twinshi - gashiramo neza umukungugu wo mu kirere hamwe n’umwanda, bigatuma umwuka uhumeka neza. Ikigega kinini cya peteroli gishyizwe mubikorwa byemeza ko lisansi ihagije mugihe ikomeza uburemere. Sisitemu yumwuga ikoresha tekinoroji nka catalitike ihinduka kugirango isukure ibyuka bya moteri. Ibi bikoresho bifasha bikorana muburyo bwo gukora ibidukikije byiza bya moteri.

2. Sisitemu ya Hydraulic - "umuyoboro wa neural" wohereza amashanyarazi

Nkibintu byingenzi mubikoresho byubuhanga bugezweho, sisitemu ya hydraulic ikora nk "ihuriro ry’amashanyarazi" mu bucukuzi. Binyuze muburyo bukoreshwa neza bwo gukwirakwiza umuvuduko wamazi, iyi sisitemu igera ku guhinduka neza no kugenzura neza imbaraga nigikorwa. Gukoresha amategeko ya Pascal, sisitemu ya hydraulic ikoresha amazi ya hydraulic idashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo guhindura moteri - yabyaye ingufu za mashini mo ingufu za hydraulic, hanyuma igakorwa binyuze mumashanyarazi atandukanye kugirango ikore ibikorwa bigoye byo gucukura. Mu mikorere, sisitemu ya hydraulic ya excavator igizwe nibice byingenzi bikurikira bikora mubufatanye:

Nka nkomoko yimbaraga za sisitemu, pompe hydraulic ihindura ingufu zumukanishi ziva muri moteri ya mazutu ikagira ingufu za hydraulic. Pomper isanzwe ikora pompe itanga umuvuduko mwinshi - umuvuduko wamavuta unyuze mugusubirana kwa piston yayo, bitanga imbaraga zihamye kandi zikomeye kumashanyarazi yose. Igenzura rya valve itsinda rikora nkibikoresho byubwenge bya sisitemu, bigizwe nibice bisobanutse nkibikoresho nyamukuru bigenzura, indege zitwara indege, hamwe ninzira nyabagendwa -. Gukoresha amashanyarazi - tekinoroji yo kugenzura hydraulic igereranya, igenga neza icyerekezo, umuvuduko, nigipimo cyamavuta ya hydraulic, ituma imikorere yubwenge yibikoresho bitandukanye bikora. Amashanyarazi ya hydraulic, akora nka sisitemu ya sisitemu ikora, cyane cyane harimo ubwoko butatu: silinderi ya boom, silinderi yindobo, na silinderi. Binyuze mu kwagura no gukuramo inkoni ya piston, bahindura ingufu za hydraulic mu mbaraga za mashini kugirango batware mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho bikoreshwa na moteri kubucukuzi butandukanye no gupakira / gupakurura. Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro wuzuye wa hydraulic umuyoboro hamwe nibikoresho bifasha bituma sisitemu ikora neza kandi ihamye. Umuyoboro mwinshi wamavuta - ufata ibyuma byinshi - ibyuma byicyuma - imiterere y ibikomere kugirango habeho itangwa ryamavuta meza, mugihe imirasire yamavuta ya hydraulic ikomeza ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora binyuze mukonjesha ikirere ku gahato cyangwa gukonjesha amazi. Ikusanyirizo ryakira neza umuvuduko ukabije kandi ritanga ingufu zihutirwa mugihe umuriro wabuze cyangwa ibindi byihutirwa, bikarinda umutekano wibikoresho.

3. Igikoresho gikora - "ukuboko" kugirango ukore neza

Igikoresho gikora nigice cyingenzi cyubuyobozi kugirango imikoranire itaziguye hagati yubucukuzi nibikoresho. Binyuze mu guhuza guhuza ibice byinshi byuzuye, birangiza urukurikirane rwibikorwa nko gucukura, gupakira no gupakurura. Ibice byingenzi nibikorwa bya buri kintu byasobanuwe muburyo bukurikira:

Nkibintu byingenzi bihuza ibice, boom ihuza na platifomu izenguruka kuruhande rwayo rwo hejuru kandi ihuza intera nindobo kumpera yo hepfo. Iyobowe na silindiri ya hydraulic, itanga uburyo bunini bwo guterura no kugabanya ingendo, bikora nkibintu fatizo byo kugenzura uburebure bwubucukuzi nuburebure. Indobo yindobo, ishyizwe hagati yigituba nindobo, ihindura byoroshye radiyo yo gucukura hamwe nubujyakuzimu binyuze mu kwagura telesikopi, ikora nkigice cyingenzi cyo guhindura ubucukuzi bwuzuye. Indobo, ikora nkigikoresho cyo guhuza ibikoresho bitaziguye, ikora ibikorwa byo gufungura / gufunga hakoreshejwe hydraulic igenzura kugirango irangize ibikorwa byingenzi nko gutunganya ibikoresho, gupakira, no gupakurura. Uburyo bune - uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo butezimbere igishushanyo mbonera kugirango uhuze inzira igenda hamwe nigitekerezo hagati ya boom, indobo, nindobo, mugihe byongera ingufu zogukwirakwiza ingufu kugirango imikorere irusheho kugenda neza. Sisitemu yihuse - sisitemu, yerekana uburyo bushya nkibiri - bifunga bifunga, bituma habaho gusimbuza byihuse imigereka ishingiye kubikorwa bikenewe - nka hydraulic yameneka yo kumenagura, gufata indobo zo gutunganya ibikoresho, hamwe nibikoresho byorohereza ubutaka kubutaka. Ibi ntabwo byongera cyane imashini guhuza n'imikorere gusa ahubwo binagabanya igihe cyo guterana / gusenya, kuzamura umusaruro muri rusange.

4. Igikoresho cyo kugenda - "amaguru" yo kugenda no gushyigikirwa

Nkigice cyingenzi cyubucukuzi, igikoresho cyo kugenda kigena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere yimikorere yimashini yose hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ahantu hakorerwa. Dukurikije ibidukikije bitandukanye bikora ndetse n’ibisabwa mu mikorere, abacukuzi ba kijyambere bakoresha cyane ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho bigenda, inzira n'inziga, bifite itandukaniro rigaragara mubice byingenzi bigize imiterere n'ibiranga imikorere.

Sisitemu yo kugenda ikurikiranwa igizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi. Ubwa mbere, sisitemu yo guteranya inzira ikoresha imiterere ihuza "inzira ya plaque na gari ya moshi" kumpera yacyo. Igishushanyo cyongera ahantu hagomba gukwirakwizwa neza uburemere bwimashini, bigatuma bikenerwa cyane cyane mubutaka bwondo, bworoshye, kandi bugoye. Icya kabiri, moteri igenda na kugabanya ibice bikorana kugirango bahindure ingufu za hydraulic ziva muri sisitemu ya hydraulic mo ingufu za mashini, gutwara inzira unyuze mumuvuduko - kugabanya na torque - uburyo bwo kuzamura. Hanyuma, sisitemu yo gushyigikira igizwe nu mutwaro - yikoreye ibiziga, inziga ziyobora urunigi, hamwe n’ibizunguruka ntibishyigikira uburemere bwimashini gusa ahubwo binayobora neza inzira yinzira, bigabanya cyane kwambara no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi.

Sisitemu yimodoka ikoresha ibisubizo bitandukanye bya tekiniki. Ibice byabo byingenzi bigizwe nuburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga buhuza amapine na axe, bikerekana sisitemu yimashini zisanzwe zubaka. Igishushanyo gifasha ingendo ndende - umuvuduko wumuhanda kandi bizamura cyane uburyo bwo kohereza ibikoresho hagati yubwubatsi. Imashini zipima ibizunguruka zikoresha imashanyarazi - zikoreshwa na tekinoroji ya hydraulic ya moteri, ikuraho imashini gakondo yo hagati ihuza moteri mu buryo butaziguye. Ubu bushya bworoshe cyane uburyo bwo kohereza, bwongera imikorere, kandi bugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.

5.Ubugenzuzi bwa sisitemu - "ubwonko" bwo kugenzura ubwenge

Mu mashini zubaka, tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubwenge yabaye ingenzi. Muguhuza ikusanyamakuru, isesengura, nicyemezo - gukora algorithms, sisitemu itezimbere imikorere yibikoresho byinganda no kuzamura ubwiza bwumusaruro. Iri koranabuhanga ntirisobanura gusa ibikenerwa n’inganda nyinshi ahubwo binongera cyane imikorere yimashini binyuze mumashanyarazi - guhuza hydraulic, kugera kuri digitale, ubwenge, no guhuza imiyoboro. Uburyo bwingenzi bwo kugenzura imiyoboro igenzura imiyoboro, kugenzura ibitekerezo bya fuzzy, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura impuguke byakoreshejwe henshi mu bucukuzi, buldozeri, no kuzunguruka umuhanda, bigatera iterambere rirambye mu nganda z’imashini zubaka.

Kugirango ugere kubikorwa bikora neza kandi byubwenge, sisitemu yo kugenzura ihuza cyane ibintu bitatu bya tekiniki: imiterere yubukanishi, ibyuma bya elegitoroniki na software algorithm. Binyuze mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane, sisitemu igera ku ntego ebyiri z "imikoranire yumuntu - no kugenzura neza. Sisitemu igizwe ahanini nibice bikurikira bikurikira kugirango ikore sisitemu yuzuye ikora:

1. Gukoresha Module:

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- Sisitemu ya pedal valve: Itsinda ryamazi ya hydraulic iringaniza hamwe nibikorwa byindishyi zishyizwe hamwe, ikora nkuburyo bwingenzi bwo kugenzura bushinzwe cyane cyane kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri igenda no gufata feri neza yo kuzenguruka kuri platifomu.

2. Igenzura rya elegitoroniki (ECU):

- Ibiranga 32 - bito {

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3. Umuyoboro wa Sensor:

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- Sisitemu yo gufunga byuzuye - sisitemu yo gusubiza ibyakozwe na sensor array yavuzwe haruguru itanga indishyi zingirakamaro no gukosora amakosa mugucunga ibyerekezo

4. Umuntu {{1} interface Imigaragarire ya mudasobwa:

- Multi - imikorere LCD ikibaho: Kugaragaza neza ibipimo byingenzi nkumuvuduko wa moteri nubushyuhe bwa peteroli

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Sisitemu {{}

Binyuze mu guhuza kwinshi no guhuza ubwenge bya buri kintu, sisitemu itezimbere cyane umuvuduko wo gusubiza no kugenzura neza imikorere yibikoresho, kandi bigabanya cyane imbaraga zakazi zabakora.

6. Sisitemu zifasha - "gushyigikira" imikorere nubuzima

Mugihe sisitemu yubufasha ititabira ibikorwa byubwubatsi nyabyo, bigira uruhare runini mukuzamura uburambe bwabakoresha muri rusange no kwagura ubuzima bwibikoresho. Izi sisitemu zitanga uburinzi bwuzuye ninkunga kubakoresha nibikoresho ubwabyo binyuze muburyo bwateguwe neza. Ibice byingenzi birimo sisitemu zingenzi zikurikira:

1. Hamwe nibikoresho byabugenewe bitarinda amajwi hamwe no kunyeganyega - ibyubaka, bigabanya cyane urusaku rwo hanze hamwe no kunyeganyega kwa mashini, byongera cyane ihumure n'umutekano mugihe cyibikorwa byagutse.

2. Amavuta yo kwisiga: Sisitemu igizwe nibice byingenzi birimo pompe yo hejuru ya - ikora neza, ikwirakwiza neza, kandi ikambara - imiyoboro yamavuta irwanya. Binyuze mu gihe cyateganijwe kugenzura, itanga uburyo bwo gukomeza gusiga amavuta kubintu bikomeretsa nkibikoresho bya pin hamwe nibikoresho. Sisitemu igabanya neza imyenda yubukanishi, yongerera ubuzima bwa serivisi ibice byingenzi, kandi igabanya inshuro zo kubungabunga no kugiciro.

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Ibindi bikoresho byingenzi byingirakamaro ni ibi bikurikira:

- Sisitemu yubukonje bwubwenge: Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe muri kabine kugirango ukore neza

- Multi - guhanagura imikorere: Komeza ikirahuri cya kabine kandi urebe neza ko ikirere cyifashe neza

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Izi sisitemu zifasha zikorana kugirango zibungabunge imikorere myiza mubikorwa bitandukanye, mugihe zirema ahantu heza kandi heza kubakorera.

Urutonde rwibanze rwa sisitemu

Kugirango ushishikarire kwerekana inzandiko hagati ya buri sisitemu nibice byingenzi, imbonerahamwe ikurikira irateguwe:

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Nka mashini yubuhanga buhanitse, abacukuzi bagera ku - imikorere ikora neza binyuze mumikorere ihuriweho na moderi esheshatu zingenzi: sisitemu yingufu (gutanga ingufu), hydraulic sisitemu (guhererekanya ingufu), uburyo bwo gukora (gukora imirimo), sisitemu yimikorere (imyanya), sisitemu yo kugenzura (guhuza ibikorwa), hamwe na sisitemu yo gufasha (kwishingira umutekano). Sisitemu yingufu ikora nkumutima, itanga imbaraga zikomeye kumashini yose; sisitemu ya hydraulic ikora nkumuyoboro wamaraso, utanga ingufu zuzuye mubikorwa bikora; uburyo bukora bukora nkintwaro za robo, zikora imirimo yihariye nko gucukura no gupakira; sisitemu yimikorere icunga imashini ihagaze no kwimuka; sisitemu yo kugenzura ihuza sisitemu zose nkubuyobozi bukuru bukuru; mugihe sisitemu yubufasha itanga umutekano muke n'umutekano. Gusobanukirwa neza amahame yimikorere yibigize hamwe nubusabane bwabo ntibishobora gusa guhitamo ibikoresho bya siyansi no kunoza imikorere, ariko kandi byongerera igihe ubuzima bwa serivisi binyuze mukubungabunga no kubitaho. Ibi bikubiyemo ishingiro ryimicungire yibikoresho byubuhanga bugezweho: "kutamenya icyo aricyo gusa, ariko cyane cyane impamvu."

Kuva ibikorwa bikomeye byubutaka mu bucukuzi bunini - kugeza ku iyubakwa ry’imiyoboro yo munsi y’imijyi yo mu mijyi, kuva ku bikorwa remezo byo kubungabunga amazi y’ubuhinzi kugeza gutabara byihutirwa ahabereye ibiza, abacukuzi babaye ibikoresho byingirakamaro mu mishinga y’ubuhanga bugezweho binyuze muri filozofiya y’ibishushanyo mbonera ndetse no guhuza neza na sisitemu. Buri kintu cyose gisa nkibisanzwe kubikoresho bigenda bibarwa neza kugirango hamenyekane imbaraga zifatika, buri muyoboro wa hydraulic wateguwe neza kugirango ukwirakwize neza, kandi buri gitekerezo nyacyo - cyerekana sensor itanga amakuru yingenzi yo kugenzura sisitemu. Ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe bitanga inkunga ihamye kubikorwa bihamye kandi neza byiyi behemoth. Kubakoresha, gusa mugusobanukirwa byimazeyo ibiranga imikorere na logique ihuza buri sisitemu barashobora kugenzura neza ibikoresho kugirango barangize imirimo itoroshye - nko gukora neza no gucukura ubutaka. Kubakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga, kumenya neza ibice byingenzi bigize amahame yimirimo nibiranga amakosa bituma ibibazo byihuta byaho no gusana neza. Duhereye kuri macro yiterambere ryinganda, ubushakashatsi buhoraho no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryogucukumbura bitera intambwe igana ku mikorere myiza, sisitemu nziza, ndetse n’ingufu zangiza ibidukikije - ibisubizo bizigama. Kurugero, ubucukuzi bushya bufite ibyuma byifashishwa byifashishwa hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge birashobora kugera ku bwigenge bwigenga, gucukura mu buryo bwikora, no kwikorera - imirimo yo gupakurura, bizamura imikorere neza kandi neza. Hagati aho, hagaragaye imashini zicukura amashanyarazi zigaragaza intambwe igaragara iganisha ku iterambere ry’ibidukikije -, ku buryo nta byuka bihumanya ikirere no kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ibishushanyo mbonera byimbaraga na sisitemu ya hydraulic bituma moteri ikora neza mugihe ikora, igahuza niterambere rirambye ryiterambere. Ibi bishya byikoranabuhanga ntabwo bitezimbere imikorere yimikorere gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ubukana bwabakozi, kandi biteza imbere udushya twikoranabuhanga no kuzamura inganda mubijyanye nubwubatsi.

Muraho, Ndi Jason Wang, umwanditsi wiyi nyandiko. Dufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 15 mugutanga ibice byubucukuzi, dutanga ibikoresho byiza - byujuje ubuziranenge mubucuruzi mubihugu birenga 50 kwisi. Kuva kumaduka mato yo gusana kugeza kubacuruzi benshi, abakiriya bacu batwishingikiriza kubice bimara igihe kirekire kandi byuzuye byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda. Ibicuruzwa byacu byinshi birimo ibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi, imashini ya reberi, ibice bya hydraulic, muyungurura, ibice by'amashanyarazi, ibice bitwara abagenzi, n'ibindi byinshi, bikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye. Haba ubwubatsi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi, cyangwa imashini ziremereye, ibice byacu byubatswe kugirango bihangane nakazi gasabwa, bituma imikorere yizewe hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora.

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